Unhealthy water has the potential to induce various diseases and adversely affect individuals' well-being. The introduction of causative agents, primarily microorganisms, into the human body via water is responsible for the occurrence of what are commonly referred to as waterborne diseases or hydric epidemics. These ailments hold exceptional significance for public health, as they pose a substantial threat to human well-being, capable of causing infections and potentially deadly epidemics. Among the most noteworthy diseases associated with contaminated water sources are cholera, Legionnaires' disease, enterovirus infections, hepatitis A, gastroenteritis, and waterborne epidemics resulting from protozoan and vector-borne pathogens. It is worth noting that underdeveloped nations are particularly susceptible to the prevalence of diseases stemming from polluted water sources, with epidemic occurrences being most frequently documented in these regions. Microbiological indicators of water quality stand as paramount markers for assessing the potability of drinking water, underscoring their pivotal role in safeguarding human health. Ensuring the purity and safety of water for human consumption remains one of the fundamental measures to protect public health. Disinfection, a critical procedure, serves to eliminate pathogens and other microorganisms from water sources, thereby guaranteeing the safety of water intended for human consumption. The inclusion of this step in the water treatment process is obligatory. The primary objective of water disinfection is to reduce the concentration of microorganisms to a level that poses no threat to human health. The most effective and widely employed methods for water disinfection encompass chlorine and its compounds, UV radiation, ozone treatment, filtration, heat treatment, as well as the use of silver and iodine.