The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) belongs to the genus Vitis and is a species that developed in Europe and Western Asia. The genus Vitis is one of the ten genera of the Vitaceae family. The successful development and cultivation of vines is mostly influenced by environmental conditions such as climate, soil and relief. Since man is an inseparable part of nature, it is necessary to carefully manage natural resources, therefore biological pesticides, organic fertilizers and biostimulators are used in ecological viticulture to maintain soil fertility. The most important pests of vineyards are grapevine phylloxera, grapevine moths, the European red mite, grape erineum mites and vine leaf roller. Preventive measures include all agrotechnical, mechanical and physical protection measures. Biological measures include the use of antagonistic microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and viruses or their products. In addition to the mentioned microorganisms, natural enemies and natural pesticides are also very effective. Successful ecological viticulture is achieved by the resistance of the vines to diseases and pests, i.e. resistant vine varieties and the practice of all measures or pesticides that are not synthetic.