This paper presents information on the consumption of natural gas and other alternative energy sources and how their consumption affects the economies of countries. Civilization is currently at the stage of energy transition, this transition represents the need to use alternative energy sources or their combination with existing energy sources. This transition occurs depending on the political and economic policies pursued by countries. The impact of energy sources on the energy policy and, accordingly, on the economic sector of countries is reviewed in this paper using the example of the Green Deal of the European Union, the implementation of which transforms the economy of the countries of the European Union in an attempt to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, as well as using example of the policy of decorbonization, according to which it is necessary to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Due to the implementation of the decorbonization policy, technological innovations occur in various sectors of the economy, which contributes to the increase in the use of alternative energy sources. The impact of energy sources on the energy and economy of countries is also considered using the example of the introduction of hydrogen energy, which is a decisive factor in ensuring a stable energy supply and can replace fossil fuels in all areas, including energy-intensive industries. This paper studies the reasons that prompted countries to think about the transition to new energy, accordingly energy sources, their development and impact on the economy are considered. This work presents a set of information that summarizes the changes taking place in the world in the energy sector and, accordingly, the impact of these changes on the economic component of countries at the present time, as well as in the near future.